ISO 45001:2018 Clause 9.1 Monitoring, measurement, analysis and performance evaluation

9.1.1 General

The organization shall establish, implement and maintain a process(es) for monitoring, measurement, analysis and performance evaluation.
The organization shall determine:

1. what needs to be monitored and measured, including:
   • the extent to which legal requirements and other requirements are fulfilled;
   • its activities and operations related to identified hazards, risks and opportunities;
   • progress towards achievement of the organization’s OH&S objectives;
   • effectiveness of operational and other controls;
2. the methods for monitoring, measurement, analysis and performance evaluation, as applicable, to ensure valid results;
3. the criteria against which the organization will evaluate its OH&S performance;
4. when the monitoring and measuring shall be performed;
5. when the results from monitoring and measurement shall be analysed, evaluated and communicated.

The organization shall evaluate the OH&S performance and determine the effectiveness of the OH&S management system.
The organization shall ensure that monitoring and measuring equipment is calibrated or verified as applicable, and is used and maintained as appropriate.
NOTE There can be legal requirements or other requirements (e.g. national or international standards) concerning the calibration or verification of monitoring and measuring equipment.
The organization shall retain appropriate documented information:

• as evidence of the results of monitoring, measurement, analysis and performance evaluation;
• on the maintenance, calibration or verification of measuring equipment.

As per Annex A (Guidance on the use of ISO 45001:2018 standard) of ISO 45001:2018 standard it further explains

In order to achieve the intended outcomes of the OH&S management system, the processes should be monitored, measured and analysed.

1. Examples of what could be monitored and measured can include, but are not limited to:
   • occupational health complaints, health of workers (through surveillance) and work environment;
   • work-related incidents, injuries and ill health, and complaints, including trends;
   • the effectiveness of operational controls and emergency exercises, or the need to modify or introduce new controls;
   • competence.
2. Examples of what could be monitored and measured to evaluate the fulfilment of legal requirements can include, but are not limited to:
   • identified legal requirements (e.g. whether all legal requirements have been determined, and whether the organization’s documented information of them is kept up-to-date);
   • collective agreements (when legally binding);
   • the status of identified gaps in compliance.
3. Examples of what could be monitored and measured to evaluate the fulfilment of other requirements can include, but are not limited to:
   • collective agreements (when not legally binding);
   • standards and codes;
   • corporate and other policies, rules and regulations;
   • insurance requirements.
4. Criteria are what the organization can use to compare its performance against.
   • Examples are benchmarks against:
     • other organizations;
     • standards and codes;
     • the organization’s own codes and objectives;
     • OH&S statistics.
   • To measure criteria, indicators are typically used; for example:
     • if the criterion is a comparison of incidents, the organization may choose to look at frequency, type, severity or number of incidents; then the indicator could be the determined rate within each one of these criteria;
     • if the criterion is a comparison of completions of corrective actions, then the indicator could be the percentage completed on time.

Monitoring can involve continual checking, supervising, critically observing or determining the status in order to identify change from the performance level required or expected. Monitoring can be applied to the OH&S management system, to processes or to controls. Examples include the use of interviews, reviews of documented information and observations of work being performed. Measurement generally involves the assignment of numbers to objects or events. It is the basis for quantitative data and is generally associated with the performance evaluation of safety programmes and health surveillance. Examples include the use of calibrated or verified equipment to measure exposure to a hazardous substance or the calculation of the safe distance from a hazard. Analysis is the process of examining data to reveal relationships, patterns and trends. This can mean the use of statistical operations, including information from other similar organizations, to help draw conclusions from the data. This process is most often associated with measurement activities. Performance evaluation is an activity undertaken to determine the suitability, adequacy and effectiveness of the subject matter to achieve the established objectives of the OH&S management system.

1) The organization shall establish, implement and maintain a process(es) for monitoring, measurement, analysis and performance evaluation.

Monitoring, measuring, analyzing, and evaluating occupational health and safety (OH&S) performance is a fundamental aspect of an effective OH&S management system. This process helps organizations identify areas of improvement, track progress, and ensure compliance with OH&S objectives and legal requirements. Here’s how organizations can carry out this process effectively:

1. Establish Key Performance Indicators (KPIs): Identify relevant KPIs that reflect the organization’s OH&S performance goals. KPIs can include incident rates, near-miss reporting, compliance with safety regulations, and the effectiveness of safety training programs.
2. Data Collection and Monitoring: Regularly collect data related to OH&S performance. This data may include incident reports, safety inspection findings, employee feedback, and compliance records. Implement a systematic process for data collection and review.
3. Performance Measurement: Use the collected data to measure OH&S performance against established KPIs and objectives. This measurement should provide a clear picture of how the organization is performing in terms of safety and health.
4. Analysis and Evaluation:Analyze the data to identify trends, patterns, and areas where improvement is needed. Evaluate the root causes of incidents, near misses, and non-compliance issues to address underlying problems.
5. Benchmarking: Compare your organization’s OH&S performance against industry benchmarks or best practices. Benchmarking can help identify areas where your organization can improve its safety performance.
6. Management Reviews:Conduct regular OH&S performance reviews at the management level. These reviews should involve top management and relevant stakeholders to assess the effectiveness of the OH&S management system.
7. Corrective and Preventive Actions:Based on the analysis and evaluation, take corrective and preventive actions to address identified issues and improve OH&S performance. Implement action plans and track progress.
8. Communication:Communicate OH&S performance results and trends to all relevant stakeholders within the organization, including employees, supervisors, and management. Transparency in communication is crucial for fostering a safety culture.
9. Employee Involvement:Encourage employees to actively participate in monitoring and reporting OH&S concerns. Create a culture where employees feel comfortable reporting incidents, near misses, and suggesting improvements.
10. Documentation: Maintain records of OH&S performance data, analysis, evaluations, and actions taken. Proper documentation is essential for accountability and compliance.
11. Continuous Improvement: Promote a culture of continuous improvement by using the information gained from monitoring and analysis to make ongoing enhancements to the OH&S management system.
12. Legal and Regulatory Compliance: Ensure that the organization is in compliance with all relevant OH&S laws, regulations, and standards. Regular monitoring and evaluation help identify and rectify non-compliance issues.
13. Internal and External Audits: Conduct internal audits and assessments of the OH&S management system to verify its effectiveness. Additionally, prepare for external audits, certifications, or inspections by regulatory authorities.
14. Reporting: Prepare OH&S performance reports at regular intervals (e.g., monthly, quarterly, annually) to summarize findings, progress, and improvements. Share these reports with relevant stakeholders.

By systematically monitoring, measuring, analyzing, and evaluating OH&S performance, organizations can identify risks, reduce incidents, improve safety culture, and continuously enhance their commitment to the well-being of their employees and stakeholders.

2) The organization needs to monitor and measure the extent to which legal requirements and other requirements are fulfilled

Monitoring and measuring the extent to which legal requirements and other requirements are fulfilled is a critical component of an effective management system, including an Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S) management system. To ensure compliance with legal and other requirements, organizations should follow a systematic approach:

• Begin by identifying and documenting all relevant legal requirements, regulations, and other requirements related to occupational health and safety. This includes national, regional, and local laws and regulations, as well as industry standards, codes of practice, and internal requirements.
• Define key performance indicators (KPIs) or metrics that will be used to monitor and measure compliance with these requirements. Metrics could include the percentage of legal requirements met, the number of non-compliance incidents, or the completion of required training.
• Implement processes for collecting and monitoring data related to compliance with legal and other requirements. This may involve tracking regulatory changes, conducting internal audits, and monitoring incidents or near misses related to non-compliance.
• Regularly assess the organization’s compliance with legal and other requirements against the established metrics. This assessment should include a review of documentation, processes, and practices to determine the level of compliance.
• When non-compliance issues are identified, take appropriate corrective and preventive actions to address the root causes and bring the organization into compliance. Document these actions and track their effectiveness.
• Maintain records of compliance assessments, corrective actions, and evidence of compliance with legal and other requirements. Proper documentation is essential for demonstrating due diligence.
• Communicate compliance status and progress to relevant stakeholders, including employees, management, regulatory authorities, and external auditors. Transparency is essential in ensuring that everyone is aware of the organization’s commitment to compliance.
• Stay informed about changes in legal and other requirements. Establish a process for tracking and assessing the impact of new or amended regulations on the organization’s operations and compliance efforts.
• Conduct regular internal audits and assessments of the OH&S management system to verify compliance with legal and other requirements. Ensure that audit findings are appropriately addressed.
• Use the information gained from monitoring and measuring compliance to drive continuous improvement efforts in the OH&S management system. Identify opportunities for enhancing processes and practices related to compliance.
• Ensure that employees are aware of the legal and other requirements relevant to their roles and responsibilities. Provide training and education as needed to enhance compliance awareness.
• Comply with reporting obligations to regulatory authorities, which may include incident reporting, safety data submissions, and other required notifications.
• Maintain comprehensive records of compliance-related activities, including assessments, actions taken, and evidence of compliance. Ensure that these records are readily accessible for audits and inspections.

By following these steps, organizations can effectively monitor and measure their compliance with legal requirements and other requirements, minimize non-compliance risks, and demonstrate their commitment to maintaining a safe and compliant workplace.

3) The organization needs to monitor and measure its activities and operations related to identified hazards, risks and opportunities

Monitoring and measuring activities and operations related to identified hazards, risks, and opportunities is crucial for the effective management of occupational health and safety (OH&S) within an organization. This process helps organizations assess the effectiveness of risk control measures, identify emerging risks and opportunities, and make informed decisions to improve OH&S performance. Here’s how organizations can monitor and measure these aspects:

• Begin by identifying and assessing hazards, risks, and opportunities within your organization. This process involves conducting risk assessments, hazard analyses, and considering opportunities for improvement.
• Define specific KPIs or metrics that will be used to monitor and measure the identified hazards, risks, and opportunities. These metrics should be measurable, relevant, and aligned with your OH&S objectives.
• Implement processes for collecting data related to hazards, risks, and opportunities. This data may include incident reports, near-miss reports, safety observations, and data on emerging trends or changes in the workplace.
• Monitor and measure the effectiveness of risk control measures that have been implemented to mitigate identified hazards and risks. This involves assessing whether controls are functioning as intended and reducing risks to an acceptable level.
• Conduct regular performance reviews to assess the effectiveness of hazard and risk management activities. This includes reviewing incident reports, safety records, and the outcomes of safety initiatives.
• Monitor and measure the progress and effectiveness of initiatives aimed at capitalizing on identified opportunities for improvement in OH&S performance. Track changes in performance resulting from these initiatives.
• When issues related to hazards, risks, or opportunities are identified, take corrective and preventive actions as necessary. Address root causes and implement improvements to enhance OH&S performance.
• Maintain records of hazard and risk assessments, risk control measures, incident reports, and actions taken to address identified issues. Proper documentation is essential for accountability and compliance.
• Communicate the results of monitoring and measurement activities to relevant stakeholders, including employees, management, and OH&S committees. Ensure that findings are transparent and accessible.
• Use the information gained from monitoring and measurement to drive continuous improvement efforts in your OH&S management system. Identify opportunities for enhancing safety practices and risk management.
• Encourage employees to actively participate in hazard and risk reporting and suggest opportunities for improvement. Create a culture where employees feel comfortable raising concerns.
• Ensure that the organization is in compliance with all relevant OH&S laws, regulations, and standards. Regular monitoring helps identify and rectify non-compliance issues.
• Conduct regular internal audits and assessments of the OH&S management system to verify compliance with hazard and risk management requirements. Address any findings promptly.
• Consider external sources of information, such as industry trends, best practices, and bench-marking data, when monitoring and measuring hazards, risks, and opportunities.

By implementing a systematic approach to monitor and measure activities and operations related to identified hazards, risks, and opportunities, organizations can enhance their OH&S performance, minimize risks, and continually improve workplace safety.

4) The organization must monitor and measure its progress towards achievement of the organization’s OH&S objectives

Monitoring and measuring progress towards the achievement of an organization’s Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S) objectives is a vital aspect of managing and improving OH&S performance. It ensures that the organization stays on track, identifies areas for improvement, and enables data-driven decision-making. Here’s a systematic approach to monitor and measure progress toward OH&S objectives:

• Define clear and measurable OH&S objectives that align with the organization’s overall OH&S policy and goals. Objectives should be specific, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART).
• Identify key performance indicators or metrics that will be used to measure progress toward each OH&S objective. These KPIs should reflect the critical aspects of each objective.
• Establish a baseline by collecting data related to the current state of OH&S performance as it relates to the objectives. This baseline data serves as a reference point for measuring progress.
• Implement processes for regular data collection related to each KPI. This data may include incident rates, near-miss reports, training completion records, safety audits, and other relevant metrics.
• Analyze the collected data and measure the actual performance against the established KPIs. Compare the current performance to the baseline data to determine progress.
• Conduct regular performance reviews or assessments to evaluate the organization’s progress toward meeting its OH&S objectives. Assess whether the objectives are being achieved within the specified timeframes.
• If progress is not on track to meet the objectives, take corrective actions to address identified issues or barriers. Implement improvements to get back on course.
• Maintain records of progress measurements, data analysis, and actions taken to address any deviations from the desired objectives. Proper documentation is essential for accountability and reporting.
• Communicate progress toward OH&S objectives to relevant stakeholders, including employees, management, OH&S committees, and other interested parties. Transparency in reporting is important.
• Engage employees in the process by seeking their input and feedback on progress. Encourage them to report concerns or suggest improvements related to OH&S objectives.
• Use the information gained from progress monitoring to drive continuous improvement efforts in the OH&S management system. Adjust strategies and actions as needed.
• Present progress reports on OH&S objectives during management review meetings. Seek top management’s input and support for achieving objectives.
• Recognize and celebrate achievements and milestones related to OH&S objectives to motivate employees and reinforce the organization’s commitment to safety.
• Ensure that the organization’s actions and progress toward OH&S objectives are in compliance with all relevant OH&S laws, regulations, and standards.

By following this systematic approach, organizations can effectively monitor and measure their progress toward achieving OH&S objectives, make data-informed decisions, and continually improve their safety performance. This process contributes to the organization’s commitment to creating a safe and healthy workplace for all employees and stakeholders.

5) The organization must monitor and measure the effectiveness of operational and other controls

Monitoring and measuring the effectiveness of operational and other controls is a critical aspect of managing occupational health and safety (OH&S) within an organization. Effectiveness monitoring helps ensure that control measures are working as intended to prevent incidents and protect the health and safety of employees. Here’s how organizations can systematically monitor and measure the effectiveness of these controls:

• Begin by identifying and documenting the operational and other controls that have been established to manage OH&S risks. These controls may include engineering controls, administrative controls, personal protective equipment (PPE), and safety procedures.
• Identify key performance indicators or metrics that will be used to measure the effectiveness of each control measure. These KPIs should align with the intended outcomes of the controls.
• Establish a baseline by collecting data related to the current state of OH&S performance and the effectiveness of control measures. This baseline data serves as a reference point for measuring progress.
• Implement processes for regular data collection related to each KPI and control measure. Data sources may include incident reports, inspection findings, compliance records, and employee feedback.
• Analyze the collected data and measure the actual performance of control measures against the established KPIs. Assess whether the controls are achieving the desired outcomes.
• Conduct regular performance reviews or assessments to evaluate the effectiveness of operational and other controls. Assess whether controls are functioning as intended and preventing incidents.
• If data analysis reveals issues or deviations from expected outcomes, take corrective actions to address identified problems. Implement improvements to enhance control effectiveness.
• Maintain records of control effectiveness measurements, data analysis results, and actions taken to address any issues or non-conformities related to control measures. Proper documentation is essential for accountability and reporting.
• Communicate the results of control effectiveness assessments to relevant stakeholders, including employees, management, OH&S committees, and other interested parties. Transparency in reporting is important.
• Involve employees in the process by seeking their input and feedback on control effectiveness. Encourage them to report concerns or suggest improvements related to controls.
• Use the information gained from monitoring and measurement to drive continuous improvement efforts in the OH&S management system. Adjust control measures and strategies as needed.
• Present control effectiveness reports during management review meetings. Seek top management’s input and support for enhancing control measures.
• Ensure that control measures and actions taken to improve their effectiveness are in compliance with all relevant OH&S laws, regulations, and standards.
• Consider external sources of information, such as industry best practices and benchmarking data, when assessing the effectiveness of control measures.

By following this systematic approach, organizations can effectively monitor and measure the effectiveness of operational and other controls, identify areas for improvement, and enhance their overall OH&S performance. This process helps create a safer and healthier work environment for employees and stakeholders.

6) The organization shall determine the methods for monitoring, measurement, analysis and performance evaluation, as applicable, to ensure valid results

To ensure valid results when monitoring, measuring, analyzing, and evaluating occupational health and safety (OH&S) performance, organizations should use a combination of methods and approaches that are reliable, accurate, and appropriate for their specific context. Here are some methods and best practices to consider:

1. Data Collection Methods:
   • Direct Observation: Conducting direct observations of work activities, processes, and conditions to gather real-time data on OH&S performance. This method can provide firsthand insights.
   • Surveys and Questionnaires: Administering surveys or questionnaires to employees, contractors, or other stakeholders to collect feedback on OH&S practices, perceptions, and concerns.
   • Incident Reporting: Establishing a robust incident reporting system that encourages employees to report near misses, accidents, and incidents promptly. Analyzing incident reports to identify trends and root causes.
   • Inspections and Audits: Regularly conducting OH&S inspections and internal audits to assess compliance with safety procedures and identify areas of improvement.
   • Data Logging and Monitoring Systems: Implementing automated data logging and monitoring systems, such as sensors and software, to continuously capture and analyze OH&S data.
2. Key Performance Indicators (KPIs): Define clear and relevant KPIs that align with your OH&S objectives and desired outcomes. Ensure that these KPIs are measurable and can provide meaningful insights into performance.
3. Sampling and Randomization:When collecting data, consider using random sampling methods to ensure that data is representative and avoids bias. Randomization helps reduce the risk of selecting data selectively.
4. Periodic and Regular Measurement: Establish a regular schedule for monitoring and measurement activities. Regularity ensures that data is consistently collected over time, allowing for trend analysis and comparisons.
5. Data Validation and Verification:Implement procedures to validate and verify data accuracy. Double-check measurements and data entries to minimize errors.
6. Standardization and Calibration:Standardize measurement methods and equipment to ensure consistency and accuracy. Calibrate measuring instruments regularly to maintain their precision.
7. Statistical Analysis:Use statistical analysis techniques, such as regression analysis, hypothesis testing, and trend analysis, to identify patterns and statistically significant changes in OH&S data.
8. Root Cause Analysis:When analyzing incidents or non-conformities, employ root cause analysis methods (e.g., 5 Whys, Fishbone/Ishikawa diagrams) to identify underlying causes and develop effective corrective actions.
9. Benchmarking: Compare your organization’s OH&S performance with industry benchmarks, best practices, and relevant external data sources to gain insights and identify areas for improvement.
10. Expert Review: Engage subject matter experts or external consultants for independent review and validation of OH&S performance data and analyses.
11. Audit and Review Processes: Implement regular internal and external audits of the OH&S management system to ensure that measurement and evaluation processes are effective and accurate.
12. Continuous Improvement: Continuously review and improve the methods used for monitoring, measurement, analysis, and evaluation based on lessons learned and changes in the organization’s context.
13. Training and Competence: Ensure that personnel responsible for data collection, analysis, and evaluation are properly trained and competent in their roles.
14. Data Privacy and Security: Protect the privacy and security of collected data, especially when dealing with sensitive information related to OH&S incidents and employee health.

By adopting these methods and best practices, organizations can enhance the validity and reliability of their monitoring, measurement, analysis, and performance evaluation processes. This, in turn, contributes to improved decision-making, risk management, and the overall effectiveness of the OH&S management system.

6) The organization shall determine the criteria against which the organization will evaluate its OH&S performance

Determining the criteria against which an organization will evaluate its Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S) performance is a crucial step in managing and improving workplace safety. These criteria help organizations measure the effectiveness of their OH&S management system and their progress in achieving OH&S objectives. Here’s how an organization can establish and define these criteria effectively:

• Begin by identifying the specific criteria that are relevant to your organization’s OH&S objectives and context. These criteria should align with the organization’s overall OH&S policy and goals.
• Ensure that the OH&S performance criteria take into account relevant legal and regulatory requirements. Compliance with applicable laws and regulations is a fundamental aspect of OH&S performance.
• Define key performance indicators (KPIs) or metrics that align with your OH&S objectives. KPIs should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART).
• The criteria should reflect the specific objectives and goals set by the organization to improve OH&S performance. For example, if an objective is to reduce workplace accidents by a certain percentage, the criteria may include accident frequency rates.
• Engage with relevant stakeholders, including employees, OH&S committees, regulatory authorities, and industry experts, to gather input and feedback on the criteria for OH&S performance evaluation.
• Consider industry-specific best practices and benchmarks when defining criteria. These can provide valuable insights into what is considered effective OH&S performance within your industry.
• Depending on the nature of your organization’s activities, consider using scientific or technical standards related to OH&S performance. These standards may provide objective criteria for measurement.
• Conduct risk assessments and hazard analyses to identify areas of high risk. These assessments can help determine which criteria are most critical for safety performance evaluation.
• Involve employees in the process of defining OH&S performance criteria. Employees often have valuable insights into the specific risks and hazards they encounter in their work.
• Establish a process for periodically reviewing and revising the OH&S performance criteria based on lessons learned and changes in the organization’s context.
• Clearly document the OH&S performance criteria in your OH&S management system documentation, such as your OH&S policy, objectives, and procedures. Ensure that all relevant personnel have access to this information.
• Develop measurement and monitoring processes that align with the established criteria. These processes should allow you to collect data and assess performance effectively.
• Review the OH&S performance criteria regularly to ensure they remain relevant and aligned with organizational objectives and external factors.
• Communicate the OH&S performance criteria to all relevant stakeholders, ensuring transparency and clarity in performance evaluation.

By determining and defining the criteria against which OH&S performance will be evaluated, organizations can effectively assess their progress, identify areas for improvement, and take proactive measures to enhance workplace safety and protect the health of employees and stakeholders. Relevant Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S) criteria for evaluating an organization’s OH&S performance depend on various factors, including the organization’s industry, activities, objectives, and legal/regulatory requirements. However, here are some common and fundamental OH&S criteria that organizations often use to assess their performance:

1. Incident and Accident Rates:

• Frequency and severity of workplace incidents, accidents, injuries, and illnesses.
• Lost time injury rate (LTIR).
• Recordable injury rate.
• Near-miss reporting rate.

2. Compliance with Legal and Regulatory Requirements:

• Adherence to local, national, and international OH&S laws, regulations, and standards.
• Number of non-compliance incidents or regulatory citations.

3. Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment:

• Effectiveness of hazard identification processes.
• Accuracy and completeness of risk assessments.
• Timeliness of hazard mitigation measures.

4. Emergency Preparedness and Response:

• Preparedness to respond to emergencies, including drills and exercises.
• Efficiency of emergency response actions.
• Adequacy of first aid and medical response.

5. Employee Training and Competence:

• Training completion rates.
• Competence assessments.
• Employee awareness of OH&S procedures and practices.

6. Safety Culture and Employee Engagement:

• Employee satisfaction and engagement in OH&S initiatives.
• Participation in safety committees and programs.
• Employee feedback on safety concerns and suggestions.

7. Inspection and Audit Findings:

• Number and severity of findings from internal and external OH&S audits and inspections.
• Timeliness of corrective actions.

8. Risk Control Measures:

• Effectiveness of control measures (e.g., engineering controls, administrative controls, PPE).
• Reduction in identified risks and hazards.

9. Occupational Health Surveillance:

• Monitoring and measuring employee health with respect to occupational exposures.
• Compliance with health monitoring requirements.

10. Emergency Response Drills and Exercises:

• Performance in simulated emergency scenarios.
• Timeliness of evacuations and response actions.

11. Injury and Illness Reporting and Investigation:

• Timeliness and thoroughness of incident reporting.
• Quality of incident investigations and corrective actions.

12. Safety Data and Metrics:

• Tracking and reporting of OH&S data and metrics, including KPIs.
• Trend analysis of OH&S performance over time.

13. Risk Communication:

• Effectiveness of communication regarding OH&S risks and controls to employees and contractors.
• Clarity and comprehensibility of safety-related information.

14. Supplier and Contractor OH&S Performance:

• Evaluation of supplier and contractor compliance with OH&S requirements.
• Assessment of supplier and contractor safety practices.

15. Management of Change (MOC):

• Efficiency and effectiveness of MOC processes for assessing and mitigating OH&S risks associated with organizational changes.

16. Employee Well-being and Health Promotion:

• Programs and initiatives aimed at promoting employee well-being and health.
• Employee feedback on wellness programs.

17. Occupational Ergonomics:

• Assessment and mitigation of ergonomic hazards.
• Reduction in musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs).

18. Environmental Impacts:

• Evaluation of OH&S impacts on the environment and vice versa.
• Compliance with environmental regulations related to OH&S.

19. Benchmarking:

• Comparison of OH&S performance against industry benchmarks and best practices.

7) The organization shall determine when the monitoring and measuring shall be performed

Monitoring and measuring of occupational health and safety (OH&S) performance should be performed consistently and at various stages within an organization to ensure the ongoing effectiveness of the OH&S management system. Here are some key instances when monitoring and measuring should be conducted:

1. Routine and Ongoing Basis: Regular monitoring and measurement activities should be integrated into daily operations. This includes ongoing monitoring of workplace conditions, hazard identification, incident reporting, and compliance checks.
2. Incident Reporting and Investigation: Monitoring and measuring should occur when incidents, accidents, near misses, or injuries occur. This includes data collection and analysis related to the incident and its contributing factors.
3. Periodic Internal Audits: Internal OH&S audits and assessments should be conducted at scheduled intervals. Audits evaluate compliance with OH&S policies and procedures, identify non-conformities, and assess the effectiveness of controls.
4. Regulatory Compliance Checks: Monitoring and measuring should be carried out to ensure compliance with applicable OH&S laws, regulations, and standards. This includes routine checks to verify adherence to legal requirements.
5. Scheduled Inspections: Regular workplace inspections should be performed to identify hazards and verify the effectiveness of control measures. These inspections may be daily, weekly, monthly, or at other predetermined intervals.
6. Performance Reviews: Periodic performance reviews, typically conducted at management and leadership levels, assess the effectiveness of the OH&S management system, review performance data, and identify areas for improvement.
7. Emergency Drills and Exercises: Monitoring and measuring take place during emergency drills and exercises to evaluate the preparedness and response capabilities of employees and emergency teams.
8. Training and Competence Assessment: Assessment of employee training and competence levels is essential. Monitoring occurs through training records, assessments, and evaluations to ensure that employees are adequately trained to perform their tasks safely.
9. Routine Data Collection: Collecting data on key performance indicators (KPIs) related to OH&S, such as incident rates, safety compliance metrics, and hazard exposure levels, should be ongoing.
10. Change Management: Whenever organizational changes occur (e.g., process changes, facility expansion, new equipment installation), monitoring and measurement are essential to assess the impact on OH&S performance.
11. Planned Assessments: Organizations may plan specific assessments, such as hazard assessments, risk assessments, or ergonomic assessments, to monitor and measure OH&S-related issues and improvements.
12. Evaluation of Corrective and Preventive Actions: Monitoring and measuring should be part of the evaluation process for corrective and preventive actions taken in response to incidents, non-conformities, or identified hazards.
13. Evaluation of Supplier and Contractor Performance: Monitoring and measuring should occur when assessing the OH&S performance of suppliers and contractors, including compliance with safety requirements and contractual agreements.
14. Periodic Management Reviews: Senior management should conduct periodic reviews of OH&S performance as part of the organization’s governance and leadership responsibilities.

The frequency and timing of monitoring and measuring activities may vary based on the organization’s size, industry, level of risk, and OH&S objectives. It’s important for organizations to establish clear procedures and schedules for these activities to ensure they are carried out consistently and effectively in support of the OH&S management system. Regular reviews of monitoring and measuring processes are also essential to adapt to changing conditions and improve performance.

8) The organization shall determine when the results from monitoring and measurement shall be analysed, evaluated and communicated.

Results from monitoring and measurement in the context of an Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S) management system should be analyzed, evaluated, and communicated at various points and based on specific triggers. Here are the key instances when these activities should take place:

1. Routine Data Analysis: Results from routine monitoring and measurement should be analyzed and evaluated regularly as part of ongoing data management processes. This includes continuous assessment of key performance indicators (KPIs) related to OH&S.
2. Incident and Accident Reporting: Immediate analysis and evaluation of results should occur when incidents, accidents, near misses, or injuries are reported. This includes root cause analysis to understand the underlying causes of incidents.
3. Scheduled Data Reviews: Periodic reviews of collected data should be conducted according to a predetermined schedule. For example, monthly, quarterly, or annual reviews may be established to assess trends and performance over time.
4. Compliance Checks: Results of compliance checks related to legal and regulatory requirements should be analyzed promptly to identify any non-compliance issues that require corrective actions.
5. Internal Audits: Results from internal OH&S audits and assessments should be analyzed during the audit process and subsequently evaluated to identify non-conformities and areas for improvement.
6. Emergency Drills and Exercises:After emergency drills and exercises, the results should be evaluated to assess the effectiveness of the response and identify areas for improvement. This includes debriefing sessions.
7. Change Management: Analysis and evaluation should occur when organizational changes or significant modifications to processes or equipment are introduced to assess the impact on OH&S performance.
8. Risk Assessments and Hazard Identification: Results from risk assessments and hazard identification processes should be analyzed and evaluated to determine the level of risk and prioritize control measures.
9. Corrective and Preventive Actions: Results from corrective and preventive actions taken in response to incidents, non-conformities, or identified hazards should be evaluated to determine the effectiveness of these actions.
10. Training and Competence Assessments: – Assessment results related to employee training and competence should be evaluated to ensure that employees are adequately trained and competent to perform their tasks safely.
11. Performance Reviews: – Periodic performance reviews, including management and leadership reviews, should involve the analysis and evaluation of OH&S performance data to assess the effectiveness of the OH&S management system.
12. Evaluation of Supplier and Contractor Performance: The performance of suppliers and contractors in meeting OH&S requirements should be analyzed and evaluated as part of supplier and contractor management processes.
13. Management Review Meetings: OH&S performance data should be presented and evaluated during management review meetings to inform strategic decisions and set objectives and goals.
14. Periodic Reporting: Regular reporting intervals, as determined by the organization, may involve the communication of analyzed and evaluated OH&S performance data to relevant stakeholders.
15. Incident Follow-Up: After an incident or accident, results should be analyzed to determine root causes, corrective actions, and lessons learned. This information should be communicated to prevent recurrence.
16. Continuous Improvement Activities: As part of the continuous improvement process, organizations should analyze and evaluate data to identify opportunities for enhancing OH&S performance.
17. Hazard and Risk Reviews: Periodic reviews of identified hazards and risks should include analysis and evaluation to assess changes in risk levels and the effectiveness of control measures.
18. Employee Feedback: Feedback and concerns raised by employees related to OH&S should be analyzed, evaluated, and responded to promptly.
19. External Reporting: Organizations may need to communicate analyzed and evaluated OH&S performance data to external stakeholders, such as regulatory authorities, clients, or the public, in accordance with legal or contractual requirements.

The timing of analysis, evaluation, and communication should be defined in the organization’s OH&S management system procedures and policies, ensuring that relevant information is communicated to the appropriate stakeholders in a timely and effective manner to support decision-making and improvement efforts.

9) The organization shall evaluate the OH&S performance and determine the effectiveness of the OH&S management system

Evaluating the Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S) performance and determining the effectiveness of the OH&S management system is a critical aspect of ensuring workplace safety and continuous improvement. Here’s how organizations can effectively carry out this evaluation process:

1. Establish Evaluation Criteria: Define clear and relevant criteria against which OH&S performance and the effectiveness of the OH&S management system will be evaluated. These criteria should align with the organization’s OH&S objectives and goals.
2. Data Collection and Analysis:Collect relevant data on OH&S performance through various monitoring and measurement processes. This data may include incident reports, near-miss data, audit findings, inspection results, compliance records, and employee feedback.
3. Performance Metrics and KPIs:Use key performance indicators (KPIs) and performance metrics to measure and assess OH&S performance. These metrics should reflect critical aspects of safety, such as incident rates, compliance rates, and hazard identification effectiveness.
4. Regular Data Review:Review the collected data regularly to identify trends, patterns, and areas of concern or improvement. Data analysis can help pinpoint specific issues and their root causes.
5. Internal Audits and Assessments:Conduct internal audits and assessments of the OH&S management system to evaluate compliance with OH&S policies, procedures, and standards. Assess the effectiveness of controls and processes.
6. Management Reviews: Senior management should hold periodic management review meetings to assess OH&S performance. These reviews should include an evaluation of performance against OH&S objectives and the effectiveness of the management system.
7. Corrective and Preventive Actions:Evaluate the effectiveness of corrective and preventive actions taken in response to incidents, non-conformities, and identified hazards. Verify that actions have addressed the root causes and prevented recurrence.
8. Employee Engagement:Gather feedback from employees through surveys, interviews, and participation in OH&S committees to assess the safety culture and the effectiveness of communication and engagement efforts.
9. Risk Assessment and Hazard Analysis:Evaluate the outcomes of risk assessments and hazard analyses to determine the level of risk reduction achieved and the effectiveness of control measures.
10. Continuous Improvement: Identify areas for improvement based on evaluation results. Implement improvements to enhance OH&S performance and the effectiveness of the management system.
11. Compliance Checks: Evaluate compliance with legal and regulatory requirements related to OH&S. Identify any instances of non-compliance and take corrective actions.
12. Documentation Review: Review documentation related to OH&S, including policies, procedures, records, and reports, to ensure that they accurately reflect the current state of the management system.
13. Communication: Communicate the results of OH&S performance evaluations and management system effectiveness to relevant stakeholders, including employees, management, OH&S committees, and other interested parties.
14. External Inputs: Consider external inputs, such as industry best practices, benchmarking data, and feedback from clients or regulatory authorities, when evaluating OH&S performance and the management system.
15. Setting New Objectives: Based on the evaluation results, set new OH&S objectives and goals that reflect the organization’s commitment to continual improvement and safety excellence.
16. Periodic Reporting: Prepare periodic reports on OH&S performance and management system effectiveness for senior management, regulatory agencies, clients, and other stakeholders, as necessary.
17. Document the Evaluation Process: Ensure that the evaluation process, including criteria, methods, and results, is properly documented. Maintain records of evaluation activities for accountability and improvement.

By systematically evaluating OH&S performance and the effectiveness of the OH&S management system, organizations can identify strengths and weaknesses, make informed decisions, and implement actions to create a safer and healthier workplace for all employees and stakeholders.

10) The organization shall ensure that monitoring and measuring equipment is calibrated or verified as applicable, and is used and maintained as appropriate.

Ensuring that monitoring and measuring equipment is properly calibrated or verified, used correctly, and maintained appropriately is essential for accurate data collection and reliable results in an Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S) management system. Here’s how organizations can fulfill this requirement:

• Identify all monitoring and measuring equipment that is critical to the organization’s OH&S management system. This includes instruments used to measure variables like noise levels, air quality, temperature, pressure, radiation, and more.
• Determine which equipment needs calibration or verification. Calibration ensures that the equipment provides measurements within specified accuracy limits. Verification checks that the equipment is suitable for its intended purpose.
• Develop clear procedures for the calibration and verification of monitoring and measuring equipment. These procedures should specify the frequency of calibration or verification, methods to be used, and acceptable tolerance limits.
• Identify qualified calibration or verification service providers or laboratories. Ensure that they are accredited and capable of performing the required services for your specific equipment.
• Maintain detailed records of all calibration and verification activities. Records should include the date of calibration, results, any adjustments made, and the identity of the personnel responsible.
• Establish a calibration schedule that outlines when each piece of equipment should be calibrated or verified. This schedule should be based on the equipment’s criticality and usage frequency.
• Ensure that calibrated equipment is clearly labeled with calibration date, due date, and the person responsible for calibration. This helps identify equipment that is ready for calibration and prevents the use of equipment past its calibration date.
• Provide training to personnel responsible for using and maintaining monitoring and measuring equipment. Ensure they understand the importance of proper usage and maintenance.
• Implement a regular maintenance program for equipment to ensure it remains in good working condition. This includes routine cleaning, inspections, and preventive maintenance.
• Properly handle, transport, and store monitoring and measuring equipment to prevent damage and maintain accuracy. Use appropriate protective cases or storage conditions when necessary.
• Before using monitoring and measuring equipment, verify that it is calibrated and within its specified accuracy limits. Avoid using equipment that is overdue for calibration.
• Implement corrective actions if monitoring and measuring equipment is found to be out of calibration or verification. This may involve recalibration, adjustment, repair, or replacement.
• Regularly review the effectiveness of the calibration and verification procedures. Make improvements as necessary to ensure continued accuracy and compliance.
• Maintain proper documentation for all monitoring and measuring equipment, including calibration certificates, maintenance records, and usage logs.

By following these steps, organizations can ensure that their monitoring and measuring equipment is accurate and reliable, which, in turn, supports the collection of accurate data for assessing and improving occupational health and safety performance. Properly maintained equipment contributes to effective risk management and a safer workplace.

11) There can be legal requirements or other requirements (e.g. national or international standards) concerning the calibration or verification of monitoring and measuring equipment.

There can be legal requirements and other external requirements, such as national or international standards, that specify the calibration or verification of monitoring and measuring equipment in various industries, including Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S). These requirements are put in place to ensure the accuracy, reliability, and traceability of measurements used for safety and compliance purposes. Here are some considerations regarding legal and external requirements related to equipment calibration or verification:

• Some countries or regions have specific laws and regulations that mandate the calibration or verification of certain types of monitoring and measuring equipment used in critical safety applications. These requirements are legally binding and must be followed to maintain compliance.
• Various industries have established industry-specific standards and guidelines that dictate calibration and verification practices for equipment. For example, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has developed numerous standards related to calibration and measurement.
• International standards organizations, such as ISO, ASTM International, and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), publish standards that provide guidance on equipment calibration and verification practices. These standards are often recognized and adopted globally.
• Manufacturers of monitoring and measuring equipment often provide guidelines and recommendations for calibration and verification. It’s important to follow these guidelines to maintain the equipment’s accuracy and warranty.
• In some cases, third-party certification bodies may require organizations to demonstrate compliance with specific calibration or verification requirements as part of certification processes.
• Regulatory agencies responsible for workplace safety, environmental protection, or product quality may set forth calibration or verification requirements that organizations must meet to operate legally.
• Organizations should conduct risk assessments to determine which monitoring and measuring equipment is critical to safety and compliance. Based on the risk assessment, they can prioritize calibration and verification activities.
• Maintain records of compliance with calibration or verification requirements as part of your OH&S documentation. These records can serve as evidence of due diligence in ensuring measurement accuracy.
• Continuously monitor updates to relevant laws, regulations, and standards to ensure ongoing compliance with calibration and verification requirements.

In summary, organizations must be aware of and adhere to legal requirements and external standards related to the calibration or verification of monitoring and measuring equipment. Compliance with these requirements is essential to ensure the accuracy and reliability of measurements critical to workplace safety and regulatory compliance.

12)The organization shall retain appropriate documented information as evidence of the results of monitoring, measurement, analysis and performance evaluation

For the monitoring, measurement, analysis, and performance evaluation of Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S) in accordance with ISO 45001:2018, various records are typically required to demonstrate compliance and track performance improvement. While the specific records may vary depending on the organization’s activities and OH&S risks, here are some common types of records that are often necessary:

1. Incident and Accident Records: Records of workplace incidents, accidents, injuries, illnesses, near misses, and their investigations. This includes incident reports, investigation findings, corrective actions, and follow-up actions.
2. OH&S Auditing Records: Records of internal and external OH&S audits and assessments, including audit reports, non-conformity reports, corrective actions, and audit findings.
3. Inspection Records: Records of routine workplace inspections, including inspection checklists, inspection reports, and records of identified hazards and control measures.
4. Risk Assessment and Hazard Identification Records:Records of risk assessments, hazard identification, and evaluations of OH&S risks, along with the determination of control measures and action plans.
5. Monitoring and Measurement Records:Records of monitoring and measurement activities, including data related to noise levels, air quality, temperature, chemical exposures, radiation, and other relevant parameters.
6. Calibration and Verification Records:Records of equipment calibration and verification, demonstrating that monitoring and measuring equipment is accurate and within acceptable tolerance limits.
7. Training and Competence Records:Records of OH&S training programs, including training plans, training records, employee competence assessments, and qualifications.
8. Emergency Preparedness and Response Records:Records related to emergency drills, exercises, and response plans, including documentation of drills, evaluations, and improvements.
9. Records of Corrective and Preventive Actions:Records of corrective actions and preventive actions taken in response to incidents, non-conformities, audit findings, and identified hazards.
10. Performance Metrics and KPI Records: Records of key performance indicators (KPIs) and performance metrics used to measure OH&S performance and track progress toward objectives and targets.
11. Management Review Records: Records of OH&S management review meetings, including meeting minutes, decisions, and action items.
12. Communication Records: Records of OH&S communications, such as safety meetings, toolbox talks, safety bulletins, and safety notices.
13. Evaluation of OH&S Objectives and Targets Records: Records demonstrating the evaluation of OH&S objectives and targets, including progress reports and adjustments made to achieve them.
14. Records of External Inputs: Records of external inputs and feedback, including regulatory updates, industry best practices, and stakeholder communications related to OH&S.
15. Records of Consultation and Participation: Records demonstrating consultation and participation of employees and, where applicable, worker representatives or OH&S committees.
16. Records of Supplier and Contractor Performance: Records related to the assessment and evaluation of suppliers’ and contractors’ OH&S performance, including compliance with safety requirements.
17. Records of Employee Health Monitoring: Records of occupational health surveillance, including medical examinations, health assessments, and exposure monitoring results.
18. Records of Management of Change (MOC): Records related to the assessment, planning, and implementation of changes that may impact OH&S.
19. Records of Risk Communication: Records of OH&S risk assessments and communication to employees and other relevant parties.

20. Records of Training and Awareness Programs: Records of OH&S training and awareness programs, including program content, attendance records, and feedback.

13) The organization shall retain appropriate documented information on the maintenance, calibration or verification of measuring equipment

Maintaining, calibrating, and verifying measuring equipment is crucial for ensuring accurate and reliable measurements in various industries, including Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S). To demonstrate compliance with equipment maintenance, calibration, and verification requirements, organizations typically maintain several types of records. Here are the records commonly required for the maintenance, calibration, or verification of measuring equipment:

1. Calibration Records:
   • Calibration records provide a detailed account of the calibration process for each piece of measuring equipment. These records typically include the following information:
     • Identification of the equipment, including serial numbers or unique identifiers.
     • Date and time of calibration.
     • Calibration procedure used.
     • Calibration results, including pre- and post-calibration measurements.
     • Details of any adjustments made during calibration.
     • Calibration due date for future reference.
     • Signature of the person who performed the calibration.
     • Identification of the calibration standard or reference used.
2. Verification Records:
   • Verification records document the verification process for equipment that doesn’t require full calibration but still needs periodic checks to ensure accuracy. Verification records should include:
     • Equipment identification.
     • Date and time of verification.
     • Verification method or standard used.
     • Verification results, including measurements before and after verification.
     • Details of any adjustments or actions taken during verification.
     • Signature of the verifier or responsible person.
3. Maintenance Records:
   • Maintenance records track the routine maintenance activities performed on measuring equipment to keep it in proper working condition. These records should include:
     • Equipment identification.
     • Maintenance type (e.g., routine, preventive, corrective).
     • Date and time of maintenance.
     • Maintenance activities performed.
     • Details of parts replaced or repaired.
     • Signature of the maintenance technician.
4. Calibration Certificates:
   • Calibration certificates are official documents provided by accredited calibration service providers after calibrating equipment. These certificates include detailed information about the calibration process, results, and compliance with standards.
5. Calibration and Verification Schedules:
   • Schedules outline when each piece of equipment is due for calibration or verification. These schedules help ensure that equipment remains within acceptable tolerance limits.
6. Equipment Identification and History Records:
   • Maintaining a record for each piece of equipment, including its identification, purchase date, maintenance history, and calibration/verification history, is essential for comprehensive equipment management.
7. Notification and Reminders:
   • Records of notifications and reminders sent to relevant personnel or departments regarding upcoming calibrations, verifications, or maintenance tasks.
8. Non-Conformity Reports:
   • In case measuring equipment fails calibration, verification, or routine checks, non-conformity reports document the issue, corrective actions taken, and the resolution of the non-conformity.
9. Training Records:
   • Records of training provided to personnel responsible for equipment calibration, verification, and maintenance. These records should include training content, dates, and employee signatures.
10. Equipment Retirement and Replacement Records:
    • Records of equipment retirement or replacement, including the reasons for retirement and details of new equipment acquisitions.
11. Audit and Compliance Records:
    • Records related to internal and external audits, demonstrating compliance with equipment maintenance, calibration, and verification requirements.

1) Example of procedure for Monitoring, measurement, analysis and performance evaluation

1. Purpose:

• The purpose of this procedure is to establish a systematic framework for monitoring, measuring, analyzing, and evaluating occupational health and safety (OH&S) performance in accordance with the requirements of ISO 45001:2018.

2. Scope:

• This procedure applies to all activities, processes, and functions within the organization that have an impact on OH&S performance.

3. Responsibility:

• The OH&S Manager is responsible for overseeing the implementation of this procedure.
• All employees and relevant stakeholders are responsible for contributing to the collection and reporting of data related to OH&S performance.

4. Procedure Steps:

4.1. Identification of OH&S Performance Indicators:

• The organization identifies key performance indicators (KPIs) and metrics relevant to its OH&S objectives, targets, and legal obligations.
• KPIs may include incident rates, near-miss reporting, compliance with OH&S regulations, training completion rates, and more.

4.2. Data Collection:

• Relevant personnel collect data and information related to the identified KPIs and OH&S performance metrics.
• Data may be collected through various means, including incident reports, inspection findings, monitoring equipment, employee surveys, and audits.

4.3. Data Analysis:

• Data collected is analyzed to identify trends, patterns, and potential areas of concern or improvement.
• Data analysis helps in understanding the current OH&S performance and identifying root causes of incidents or issues.

4.4. Performance Evaluation:

• OH&S performance is evaluated against established OH&S objectives and targets.
• The organization assesses the effectiveness of its OH&S management system in achieving its goals.

4.5. Review and Reporting:

• OH&S performance data is reviewed periodically during management review meetings.
• Reports summarizing the results of the monitoring, measurement, analysis, and performance evaluation activities are prepared.

4.6. Corrective and Preventive Actions:

• Non-conformities, incidents, or areas for improvement identified during the monitoring and evaluation process trigger the initiation of corrective and preventive actions.
• Corrective actions address existing issues, while preventive actions aim to eliminate potential future issues.

4.7. Documentation and Record Keeping:

• Records of data collected, analysis results, performance evaluations, and actions taken are maintained and documented in accordance with the organization’s document control procedures.

4.8. Communication:

• OH&S performance results are communicated to relevant stakeholders, including employees, management, OH&S committees, and other interested parties.

5. Performance Review:

• The organization reviews the effectiveness of this procedure through periodic assessments and updates it as necessary to ensure continual improvement.

6. Revision History:

• Document the revision history of this procedure, including the date of revision, description of changes made, and the person responsible for the revision.